MYP 3 Mathematics · Algebra

Linear inequalities — representation on number line

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What is a Linear Inequality?

You are already familiar with equations like , which say that something equals a specific value. But in real life, things are often within a range rather than exactly one value. That's where inequalities come in.

Inequality

A mathematical statement that compares two expressions using symbols like , , , or , showing that one quantity is greater than, less than, or equal to another.

Linear Inequality

An inequality involving a variable raised only to the power of 1 (no squared terms, no fractions with variables). For example: or .

The four inequality symbols are:

SymbolMeaningExample
less than
greater than
less than or equal to
greater than or equal to
Analogy

Think of the inequality symbol as a hungry crocodile — it always opens its mouth toward the bigger number. So means the crocodile eats the 3 because 3 is bigger.

The Number Line: A Quick Recap

Before we represent inequalities, let's make sure the number line is clear in your mind.

A number line extends infinitely in both directions from zero:

  • Numbers to the right of zero are positive integers:
  • Numbers to the left of zero are negative integers:
  • Zero is neither positive nor negative.

Two key rules to remember:

  • As you move left to right, numbers increase.
  • As you move right to left, numbers decrease.
Example

Ordering numbers on the number line:

Which is greater, or ?

is further to the right on the number line, so .

Which is smaller, or ?

is further to the left, so .

Note

Pairs like and are called opposites — they are the same distance from zero but on opposite sides.

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