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Geography

Every topic, HL and SL, in the order the guide teaches it.

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HL / SL

011 Changing Population

1.1 Population and economic development patternsHL / SL
1.2 Changing populations and placesHL / SL
1.3 Population challenges and opportunitiesHL / SL

022 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience

033 Global Resource Consumption and Security

044 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)

055 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)

066 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)

07Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins

A.1 Drainage basin hydrology and geomorphologyHL / SL
A.2 Flooding and flood mitigationHL / SL
A.3 Water scarcity and water qualityHL / SL
A.4 Water management futuresHL / SL
A.5 Synthesis, Evaluation and SkillsHL / SL

08Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins

B.1 Ocean-atmosphere interactionsHL / SL
B.2 Interactions between oceans and the coastal placesHL / SL
B.3 Managing coastal marginsHL / SL
B.4 Ocean management futuresHL / SL
B.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

09Option C Extreme Environments

C.1 The characteristics of extreme environmentsHL / SL
C.2 Physical processes and landscapesHL / SL
C.3 Managing extreme environmentsHL / SL
C.4 Extreme environments’ futuresHL / SL
C.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

10Option D Geophysical Hazards

D.1 Geophysical systemsHL / SL
D.2 Geophysical hazard risksHL / SL
D.3 Hazard risk and vulnerabilityHL / SL
D.4 Future resilience and adaptationHL / SL
D.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

11Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport

E.1 Changing leisure patternsHL / SL
E.2 Tourism and sport at the local and national scaleHL / SL
E.3 Tourism and sport at the international scaleHL / SL
E.4 Managing tourism and sport for the futureHL / SL
E.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

12Option F The Geography of Food and Health

F.1 Measuring food and healthHL / SL
F.2 Food systems and the spread of diseaseHL / SL
F.3 Stakeholders in food and healthHL / SL
F.4 Future health and food security and sustainabilityHL / SL
F.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

13Option G Urban Environments

G.1 The variety of urban environmentsHL / SL
G.2 Changing urban systemsHL / SL
G.3 Urban environmental and social stressesHL / SL
G.4 Building sustainable urban systems for the futureHL / SL
G.5 Synthesis, Evaluation, and SkillsHL / SL

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Interpreting Bar Charts of Emissions Data (1/5)1 / 1

Interpreting Bar Charts of Emissions Data (1/5)

Bar charts are one of the most common graphical tools used in climate change geography to compare greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across categorical data — data sorted into discrete groups rather than a continuous scale. Typical categories include countries, economic development groupings (HICs vs LICs), or emission sources (energy, agriculture, transport, industry). Unlike a line graph, which shows change over continuous time, a bar chart is best used to compare quantities at a single point in time or between distinct groups.

As outlined in the enhanced greenhouse effect content, emissions vary significantly by level of economic development: HICs tend to show higher per capita emissions due to industrialization and high consumption, while LICs generally emit less overall but face greater vulnerability to climate impacts. A bar chart is an ideal tool for visualizing this contrast — but only if the correct metric is chosen and clearly labelled.

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