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ESS

Every topic, HL and SL, in the order the guide teaches it.

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HL / SL

01Topic 1: Foundation

02Topic 2: Ecology

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystemsHL / SL
2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystemsHL / SL
2.3 Biogeochemical cyclesHL / SL
2.4 Climate and biomesHL / SL
2.5 Zonation, succession and change in ecosystemsHL / SL

03Topic 3: Conservation and biodiversity

3.1 Biodiversity and evolutionHL / SL
3.2 Human impact on biodiversityHL / SL
3.3 Conservation and regenerationHL / SL

04Topic 4: Water

4.1 Water systemsHL / SL
4.2 Water access, use and securityHL / SL
4.3 Aquatic food production systemsHL / SL
4.4 Water pollutionHL / SL

05Topic 5: Land

5.1 SoilHL / SL
5.2 Agriculture and foodHL / SL

06Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

6.1 Introduction to the atmosphereHL / SL
6.2 Climate change - causes and impactHL / SL
6.3 Climate change - mitigation and adaptationHL / SL
6.4 Stratospheric ozoneHL / SL

07Topic 7: Natural resources

7.1 Natural resources - uses and managementHL / SL
7.2 Energy sources - uses and managementHL / SL
7.3 Solid wasteHL / SL

08Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

8.1 Human populationsHL / SL
8.2 Urban systems and urban planningHL / SL
8.3 Urban air pollutionHL / SL

09HL lenses

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Simplification, Accuracy, and Model Limitations (1/2)1 / 2

Simplification, Accuracy, and Model Limitations (1/2)

All models simplify reality. This is not a flaw to be corrected but an inherent feature: a model that included every component and interaction in a real ecosystem would be as complex as the ecosystem itself and no easier to understand or use.

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Biology

HL/SL

See the Biology syllabus

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