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HL / SL011. Concepts
- 1.1 BiasHL / SL
- 1.2 CausalityHL / SL
- 1.3 ChangeHL / SL
- 1.4 MeasurementHL / SL
- 1.5 PerspectiveHL / SL
- 1.6 ResponsibilityHL / SL
022. Content
- 2.1 Biological ApproachHL / SL
- 2.2 Cognitive ApproachHL / SL
- 2.3 Sociocultural ApproachHL / SL
- 2.4 Research MethodologyHL / SL
033. Contexts
- 3.1 Health and Well-beingHL / SL
- 3.2 Human DevelopmentHL / SL
- 3.3 Human RelationshipsHL / SL
- 3.4 Learning and CognitionHL / SL
044. Extensions (HL only)
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Participant Bias (2/2)
Demand characteristics are a concern in any study where participants are aware they are being observed. In Milgram's obedience research, participants who suspected the true aim of the study might have altered their responses accordingly, making it difficult to know whether observed behaviour reflected genuine obedience or performance for an audience.
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